Our Methodology In Detail.
The standards we work against, how an engagement runs from scope through to retest, how severity is decided, and the limits we hold to. All of it is here to be evaluated before you engage us.
Standards we work against
Our work is structured around published standards so coverage is checkable rather than a matter of trust. Both halves are listed: what we test against on an offensive engagement, and what we audit against on a compliance one.
Offensive testing
14Used as a floor, not a ceiling. A checklist alone does not find authorization and logic flaws, which is where most of our findings come from.
- OWASP WSTG
- Web Security Testing Guide. The coverage baseline for web application engagements.
- OWASP ASVS
- Application Security Verification Standard. Sets how deeply a control is verified, not merely whether it exists.
- OWASP API Security Top 10
- The API failure classes, object-level and function-level authorization above all.
- OWASP MASVS and MASTG
- The mobile verification standard and the testing guide that goes with it, for Android and iOS.
- OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications
- Prompt injection, tool and agent abuse, and the rest of the AI-specific classes.
- OWASP Smart Contract Top 10
- On-chain risk categories, including oracle manipulation and flash-loan assisted attacks.
- PTES
- Penetration Testing Execution Standard. The shape of the engagement itself, from pre-engagement through reporting.
- OSSTMM
- Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual, for network and infrastructure work.
- MITRE ATT&CK
- Adversary tactics and techniques. Red team objectives and detection coverage are mapped to it.
- NIST SP 800-115
- The technical testing guide most auditors recognise, where one is asked for.
- CIS Benchmarks
- Configuration baselines for cloud accounts, hosts and services.
- CWE
- Consistent classification of the underlying weakness behind every finding.
- CVSS v3.1 and v4.0
- Either vector supplied, depending on what your auditor, tracker or bug bounty programme expects. The narrative impact is what you should act on.
- Your threat model
- Where you have one, it takes priority over any generic list.
Compliance and readiness
10Assessed against the published requirement text, not a vendor questionnaire. We do not issue certificates against any of these: that comes from a QSA, a licensed CPA firm, HITRUST or an accredited body.
- PCI DSS v4.0.1
- All twelve requirements, assessed against the cardholder data environment as it is actually scoped.
- ISO/IEC 27001:2022 and 27002
- Management system clauses 4 to 10, and the 93 Annex A controls across the four themes.
- ISO/IEC 42001:2023
- The AI management system, its 38 Annex A controls and the AI system impact assessment.
- ISO/IEC 27701:2025
- The stand-alone privacy information management standard and its 78 privacy controls.
- AICPA Trust Services Criteria
- SOC 2 scope, for both Type 1 and Type 2: the common criteria for security, plus availability, processing integrity, confidentiality and privacy.
- SSAE 18 (AT-C 105, AT-C 205)
- The attestation standards a SOC 2 examination is performed under.
- HITRUST CSF
- The e1, i1 and r2 requirement statements, scored on HITRUST's own maturity model.
- HIPAA Security, Privacy and Breach Notification Rules
- Administrative, physical and technical safeguards, required and addressable alike.
- GDPR
- Lawful basis, data subject rights, security of processing, international transfers and breach notification.
- India DPDP Act 2023 and DPDP Rules 2025
- Data Fiduciary duties, consent and notice, and the two-stage Rule 7 breach timeline.
How an offensive engagement runs
One methodology across web, API, network, cloud, mobile, AI and smart contract work. The depth of each phase changes with the target; the sequence does not. Three kinds of work run to their own shape and are described on their own pages: compliance is scope and applicability, a gap assessment, a remediation roadmap, then readiness sign-off; phishing simulation is scenario design, a controlled send and what happens afterwards; dark web monitoring is continuous rather than an engagement with an end. All of them are quoted before they start and all of them end with a walkthrough.
- 01
Scope and authorization
Scope, exclusions, testing window and escalation contacts are agreed in writing before anything is touched. Work proceeds only against assets you can demonstrably authorize, under a signed authorization letter held on file.
Output · Signed scope, rules of engagement, escalation contacts - 02
Reconnaissance and surface mapping
We establish what is genuinely in front of us: hosts and exposed services, application endpoints and parameters, cloud accounts and identities, mobile binaries and the APIs behind them, deployed contracts, or the repository itself. Undocumented surface is found at this stage, and it frequently carries the findings.
Output · Coverage map of everything in scope and how each part will be tested - 03
Identity, access and trust boundaries
Authentication and session handling, then every boundary where privilege changes hands: between users, between roles, between tenants, between cloud identities and between contracts. We construct the permission matrix and attempt each crossing deliberately rather than sampling it.
Output · Permission matrix with every crossed boundary demonstrated - 04
Logic, data handling and exploitation
Where the target's own assumptions break. Business logic and workflow abuse, input handling and injection, unsafe server-side behaviour, configuration and patch exposure, economic and protocol logic on-chain, and model, tool and agent abuse in AI systems. Findings are carried through to a working proof wherever one can be produced safely.
Output · Exploited findings, each with a working proof of exploit - 05
Reporting
Each finding carries the affected component, reproduction steps an engineer can follow, the evidence that proves it, the business impact and a specific fix. Severity reflects exploitability in your environment, not a generic score.
Output · Executive summary and technical report - 06
Walkthrough and retest
A live call through every finding with your engineers, then a full retest within 90 days. The retest produces an updated report and an attestation letter you can share with customers and auditors.
Output · Walkthrough call, retest report, attestation letter
What this methodology does not cover
Stating the limits is part of the methodology. Unless separately agreed in the scope, we do not perform the following.
- Denial of service
- We identify and describe resource exhaustion, but we do not prove it by taking your service down.
- Physical and social engineering
- No physical intrusion, and no social engineering against your staff, unless separately scoped as a red team objective.
- Destructive testing
- Nothing is deleted, encrypted or corrupted, and real personal data is never exfiltrated. Access is proved with the minimum evidence needed.
- Assets you cannot authorize
- Anything you do not own or cannot authorize, including third-party services and payment providers.
- Certification
- We issue no certificate or audit opinion. That comes from a QSA, a licensed CPA firm, HITRUST or an accredited body.
If a finding cannot be proved without crossing one of these lines, we describe the issue, explain how it would be exploited, and mark it clearly as demonstrated by analysis rather than by execution. We do not inflate a theoretical issue into a confirmed one.
How severity is decided
Severity reflects what an attacker can actually do in your environment, not what a generic scoring table says about a bug class.
An information disclosure that exposes every customer record is critical. A textbook-severe issue sitting behind three controls that genuinely stop it is not.
Each finding states the access required to exploit it, what is reachable once exploited, and how hard it would be for a real attacker to get there. Where you need a CVSS vector for an auditor we supply one, but the narrative impact is what you should act on.
Have a question about how we would test your product?
Ask on the scoping call. We will tell you what we would cover and, more usefully, what we would not.